[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/obratlovci-co-obsadili-svetova-vodstva\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/obratlovci-co-obsadili-svetova-vodstva\/","headline":"Obratlovci, co obsadili sv\u011btov\u00e1 vodstva","name":"Obratlovci, co obsadili sv\u011btov\u00e1 vodstva","description":"Tito studenokrevn\u00ed obratlovci d\u00fdchaj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017e\u00e1brami a ve vod\u011b se pohybuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ploutv\u00ed. Jejich velikost […]","datePublished":"2020-02-20","dateModified":"2020-02-20","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/87132efef9f5972c3e770e1fb0907fb3dcc1311f82da5f30bffbae0bd81cf8c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/87132efef9f5972c3e770e1fb0907fb3dcc1311f82da5f30bffbae0bd81cf8c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"elegantis.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370916_w4237_t1582609183.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370916_w4237_t1582609183.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/obratlovci-co-obsadili-svetova-vodstva\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":502,"articleBody":"Tito studenokrevn\u00ed obratlovci d\u00fdchaj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017e\u00e1brami a ve vod\u011b se pohybuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ploutv\u00ed. Jejich velikost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt od 10 mm (hlav\u00e1\u010d zakrsl\u00fd, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v oblasti \u010cagosk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu), a\u017e po dvacet metr\u016f (\u017eralok obrovsk\u00fd). Rozd\u011blit je m\u016f\u017eeme do n\u011bkolika t\u0159\u00edd: \u00b7 primitivn\u00ed kostnat\u00e9 ryby \u2013 jejich lebka sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z mnoha drobn\u00fdch k\u016fstek a v\u011bt\u0161ina jich u\u017e vyhynula; z\u016fstalo jen n\u011bkolik druh\u016f, mezi nimi latim\u00e9rie podivn\u00e1 \u00b7 paryby \u2013 maj\u00ed siln\u00e9 \u010delisti a zuby; do t\u00e9to skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed \u017eraloci, rejnoci, parejnoci, trnuchy \u017eraloci: v\u011bdecky jich bylo pops\u00e1no v\u00edc ne\u017e 350 druh\u016f; vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se hydrodynamick\u00fdm t\u011blem a svalnat\u00fdm ocasem, maj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dich a pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u010didel dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpoznat i na d\u00e1lku elektrick\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 svalov\u00e1 aktivita ko\u0159isti; \u017eij\u00ed ve v\u0161ech mo\u0159\u00edch a existuje i n\u011bkolik sladkovodn\u00edch druh\u016f \u017eralok\u016f rejnoci: t\u011bch bylo objeveno p\u0159es 400 druh\u016f; vyskytuj\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v mo\u0159\u00edch tropick\u00e9ho a subtropick\u00e9ho p\u00e1su; jejich t\u011blo je zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9, s\u00edlu a rychlost jim dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 prsn\u00ed ploutve, potravu drt\u00ed tup\u00fdmi zuby; nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rejnokem je Manta atlantsk\u00e1, jej\u00ed\u017e rozp\u011bt\u00ed prsn\u00edch ploutv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 670 cm \u00b7 paprskoploutv\u00e9 ryby \u2013 jejich ploutve jsou vyztu\u017eeny kost\u011bn\u00fdmi paprsky; d\u011bl\u00ed se na t\u0159i nad\u0159\u00e1dy: chrupav\u010dit\u00ed, mnohokostnat\u00ed a kostnat\u00ed; paprskoploutv\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed 96 % v\u0161ech ryb a jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem ob\u017eivy \u010dlov\u011bka K paprskoploutv\u00fdm ryb\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad tyto \u0159\u00e1dy: Holob\u0159i\u0161\u00ed \u2013 jedn\u00e1 se o kostnat\u00e9 ryby s hadovit\u00fdm t\u011blem bez \u0161upin a s dlouhou h\u0159betn\u00ed a \u0159itn\u00ed ploutv\u00ed. Typick\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem jsou \u00faho\u0159i a mur\u00e9ny. \u017dij\u00ed v mo\u0159sk\u00fdch hlubin\u00e1ch i v kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch \u00fatesech, ale tak\u00e9 existuj\u00ed sladkovodn\u00ed druhy. Bezostn\u00ed \u2013 \u017eij\u00ed v m\u011blk\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch a \u017eiv\u00ed se planktonem. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed obvykle velk\u00e1 hejna (dlouh\u00e1 a \u0161irok\u00e1 i n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f) a lov\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159i hladin\u011b. Do tohoto \u0159\u00e1du pat\u0159\u00ed sledi, sardele, sardinky. Hrdloploutv\u00ed \u2013 \u017eij\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v chladn\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch severn\u00ed polokoule, ale i v \u0159ek\u00e1ch a jezerech. Jejich kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi znaky jsou t\u0159i h\u0159betn\u00ed a dv\u011b \u0159itn\u00ed ploutve, na spodn\u00ed \u010delisti maj\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b jeden vous. Ryby jsou to drav\u00e9 a jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro lidskou v\u00fd\u017eivu. Tento \u0159\u00e1d zastupuj\u00ed mn\u00edci a mn\u00edkovci, tresky, \u0161tikozubci a navaga evropsk\u00e1. Sumci \u2013 vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se \u0161irokou plochou hlavou, siln\u00fdm t\u011blem, kter\u00e9 je bu\u010f hol\u00e9, anebo je porostl\u00e9 kost\u011bn\u00fdmi desti\u010dkami, a jsou vybaveni dlouh\u00fdmi citliv\u00fdmi vousy. Jsou to no\u010dn\u00ed dravci \u010di mrcho\u017erouti. Ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed sladk\u00e9 vody po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a tak\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed vody tepl\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem sumec, sume\u010dek, pangas, pasumec, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovec, sum\u010d\u00edk, pe\u0159ovec a ke\u0159\u00ed\u010dkovec.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Obratlovci, co obsadili sv\u011btov\u00e1 vodstva","item":"https:\/\/www.elegantis.cz\/obratlovci-co-obsadili-svetova-vodstva\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]